Blowout Preventers feem ntau categorized rau hauv av thiab subseaBOPs. Lawv tau nruab rau ntawm lub taub hau lub taub hau kom tswj tau lub taub hau zoo thaum lub sij hawm roj drilling thiab yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo. Cov qauv ntsuas cuam tshuam rauBOPs suav nrog API Specification 16A 'Specification for Drill Through Equipment', GB/T 20174-2019 'Xaiv Los Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Roj Hmab thiab Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Drilling thiab Cov Khoom Tsim Khoom', GB / T 17774-2008 'Drilling and Well Service Equipment rau Petroleum thiab Natural Gas Industries', thiab SY/T 6160-2014 'Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm Blowout Preventers'.
Nws yog siv los kaw lub qhov dej thaum lub sij hawm kuaj zoo, kev ua haujlwm, thiab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm kom tsis txhob muaj cua tshuab. Nws ua ke ob qho tag nrho kaw thiab ib nrab kaw ua haujlwm, muaj cov qauv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Nws yog ib qho uas nquag siv kev ruaj ntseg sealing wellhead ntaus ntawv hauv oilfields rau kev tiv thaiv blowout.
Raws li txoj cai sealing,BOPs feem ntau muab faib ua ram-hom thiab annular. Annular hom tau muab faib ua ib zaug thiab ob npaugBOPs, nrog ib lossis ob lub voj voog roj hmab raws li. Ram-hom yog categorized li ib, ob, los yog triple cov khoom, nrog ib, ob, los yog peb khub ntawm rams ntsia los kaw cov yeeb nkab sib txawv thiab qhib qhov.
Ram-typeBOPs feem ntau muaj lub cev, sab qhov rooj, hydraulic thooj voos kheej kheej, lub tog raj kheej npog, pistons, piston rods, locking shafts, sealing Cheebtsam, thiab rams. Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv hydraulic siab los tsav lub piston, uas txav cov rams kom kaw lossis qhib, yog li sealing lossis qhib lub qhov dej. Ram-type feature plaub hom rams: dig muag rams, yeeb nkab rams, sib txawv bore rams, thiab shear rams, txhua pab sib txawv zoo tswj scenarios. Cov yeeb nkab rams tuaj yeem kaw ib ncig ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov raj, thiab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa txoj hlua tho thaum tsim nyog. Cov dig muag rams tuaj yeem kaw qhov qhib qhov dej. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, shear rams tuaj yeem txiav los ntawm cov yeeb nkab laum. Tsis tas li ntawd, sab qhov hluav taws xob flanges ntawm lub cev tso cai rau cov av nkos thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm choke-thiab-tua.
AnnularBOPs tau muab faib ua conical thiab kheej kheej hom raws li cov duab ntawm lawv cov khoom sib khi. Lawv feem ntau muaj lub cev, lub hau sab saum toj, roj hmab khoom, thiab piston. nws tuaj yeem kaw ib ncig ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab tho, tubing, lossis casing, thiab tuaj yeem kaw qhov qhib qhov dej. Thaum lub sij hawm drilling, coring, thiab txiav cov haujlwm, lawv tuaj yeem kaw ib ncig ntawm kelly, cov cuab yeej coring, wireline, thiab slickline. Thaum siv nrog lub siab txo valve, lawv tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm stripping. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm annularBOPNws suav nrog hydraulic siab nkag mus rau hauv lub chamber qis (kaw chamber) kom txav lub piston sai sai. Cov khoom siv roj hmab, txwv los ntawm lub hau saum toj kawg nkaus, raug yuam kom ua rau sab hauv los ntawm lub piston lub conical nto, enveloping txoj hlua laum thiab sealing qhov chaw annular. Thaum tsis muaj txoj hlua xyaum tam sim no, cov khoom siv roj hmab compresses sab hauv kom txog rau thaum lub hauv paus void yog tag nrho cov roj hmab, yog li tag nrho sealing lub qhov dej. nws cov drawbacks muaj xws li txwv kev siv voj voog thiab tsis tsim nyog rau lub sij hawm ntev kaw-nyob rau hauv.
Vigor yuav muab kev daws teeb meem rau koj, Thov hu rau peb ntawminfo@vigorpetroleum.com.
