Nyob rau hauv lub downhole roj ua hauj lwm, packers yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau zonal ntau lawm, fracturing, dej txhaj, thiab plugging. Cov khoom siv roj hmab, raws li tsuas yog sealing elastic feem ntawm lub ntim khoom, ua haujlwm raws li nws "lub siab."
Qhov hnyav downhole ib puag ncig-tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab siab, siab salinity, acid-base corrosion, thiab roj- pa ya yaig- tso siab heev rau cov khoom siv roj hmab. Txawm hais tias qhov kev xaiv cov khoom raug ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom, qhov ruaj khov ntawm kev sib khi, thiab qhov kawg cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev tsim kho, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom.
Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau hais tias ntau dua 80% ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm xws li foob tsis ua haujlwm, kev tsis pom kev ntxov ntxov, lub caij bulging lossis tawg, thiab cov kab txuas mus tas li los ntawm kev tsis sib haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no muab ib qho kev soj ntsuam hauv - qhov tob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv roj hmab tseem ceeb, lawv cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, cov ntawv thov tsim nyog, thiab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb los txhawb kev xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo thiab kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm- ua.
I. Core Performance Indicators for Rubber Element Materials
Downhole sealing yuav tsum muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm plaub qhov kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo:
- Kub Resistance: Adapting rau tsim kub kom tiv thaiv softening / deformation ntawm kub kub thiab hardening / cracking ntawm tsawg kub.
- Siab Resistance: Withstanding downhole differential siab shocks los tiv thaiv extrusion, tearing, los yog mus tas li deformation.
- Nruab nrab Corrosion Resistance: Resisting degradation los ntawm crude roj, nkev roj, H₂S, CO₂, tsim dej, thiab acidizing/fracturing kua.
- Mechanical Stability: Muaj zog extrusion tsis kam, hnav tsis kam, thiab elastic rov qab rau kev rov ua dua thiab kev pab lub neej ntev.
Plaub hom khoom siv roj hmab tau siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam roj av: Nitrile Butadiene Roj Hmab (NBR), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR), thiab Fluoroelastomer (FKM), npog daim ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov qhov dej ntiav ntiav mus rau ultra- siab, siab {{0}1}} 2. nyuaj qhov dej.
II. Hauv -Kev sib piv qhov tob ntawm Plaub Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Cov Roj Hmab Cov Khoom Siv
1. NBR – Tus nqi -Kev xaiv zoo rau cov Pa Pa Dej Dej
NBR yog qhov tau txais thaum ntxov tshaj plaws, qis tshaj - tus nqi, thiab cov khoom siv roj hmab uas muaj ntau yam, ua tus qauv xaiv rau kev txhaj tshuaj dej niaj hnub thiab cov dej ntiav ntiav.
Ntsiab Parameters
- Qhov kub thiab txias: -30 ℃ to 120 ℃
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 70 MPa
- Tshaj tawm tshaj tawm: Cov roj av tsis tu ncua, dej tshiab, dej tsim cov pa
Qhov zoo
Cov roj kuj zoo heev thiab hnav tsis kam, ruaj khov kho rov qab, mature molding txheej txheem, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg. Tsim nyog rau cov qhov dej ntiav zoo li qub, ib txwm- qhov kub thiab txias / lub zog tso dej, thiab kev ua haujlwm txuas yooj yim, nrog lub peev xwm rau kev teeb tsa rov qab.
Kev txwv
Tsis muaj zog tiv taus kub, acids / bases, thiab roj corrosion. Tsis haum rau lub qhov dej uas muaj H₂S lossis CO₂. Kev laus sai sai, tawv tawv, thiab poob elasticity nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis txaus extrusion kuj nyob rau hauv ultra-siab siab.
Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws
Tsawg- nqi ua haujlwm hauv qhov dej ntiav nrog qhov kub qis dua 120 degree, tsis muaj acidic corrosion, thiab nruab nrab - mus rau - tsis tshua muaj siab.
2. EPDM - Cov Khoom Siv Tshwj Xeeb rau Nruab Nrab -Tswv Dej- Raws li Ib puag ncig
EPDM muaj cov dej tsis zoo, tiv thaiv kev laus, thiab cov kua qaub / puag, ua rau nws nyiam cov khoom siv rau nruab nrab -kub dej nyab, acidizing kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsim cov dej reinjection.
Ntsiab Parameters
- Qhov kub thiab txias: -40 ℃ to 150 ℃
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 75 MPa
- Tshaj tawm tshaj tawm: Tsim cov dej, cov kua qaub / cov kua dej ua haujlwm, cov dej khib nyiab, cov xov xwm me me corrosive
Qhov zoo
Superior hydrolysis tsis kam, chav tsis kam, thiab acid / base corrosion kuj piv rau NBR. Zoo heev los tiv thaiv - kev laus thiab tiv thaiv - ozone zog. Zoo qis- kub toughness yam tsis muaj embrittlement. Tsawg heev o los yog deformation thaum lub sij hawm immersion nyob rau hauv dej -raws li xov xwm.
Kev txwv
Cov roj tsis zoo. Kev sib cuag nrog siab -cov roj crude los yog condensate tuaj yeem ua rau o, softening, thiab txo lub zog. Tsis haum rau cov roj ntshiab huv lossis siab - roj- cov ntsiab lus. Tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv rau siab -siab gas permeation.
Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws
Dej-raws li kev khiav dej num hauv nruab nrab- qhov dej tob hauv qab 150 degree, suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj, tsim cov dej rov ua dua, acidizing, thiab dej ntsaws.
3. HNBR – Tag nrho -Round Workhorse rau Siab-Tsuas Kub thiab Siab-Hloov Wells
HNBR yog ib qho kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm NBR, hloov kho los ntawm hydrogenation los txhim kho cov qauv molecular, hais txog NBR cov kev txwv hauv siab - kub thiab corrosion kuj. Tam sim no nws yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws rau tag nrho - cov khoom siv rau nruab nrab - qhov dej tob thiab siab - kub / siab - siab / qaub qhov dej.
Ntsiab Parameters
- Qhov kub thiab txias: -30 ℃ to 180 ℃
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 90 MPa
- Tshaj tawm tshaj tawm: roj Crude, roj av, qis - mus rau - nruab nrab concentration H₂S/CO₂, mixed corrosive media
Qhov zoo
Inherits NBR lub superior hnav thiab roj tsis kam thaum txhim kho siab -kub kam rau ua, sulfur kuj, thiab CO₂ corrosion kuj. High mechanical zog, zoo heev extrusion, tsim kua muag, thiab mus tas li deformation kuj. Haum rau kev teeb tsa rov qab thiab ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm sib khi, nrog rau kev pabcuam lub neej deb tshaj NBR thiab EPDM.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib piv cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv qaub tej yam kev mob ntawm 120 degree, HNBR cov permeation thiab aging kuj ho outperform zoo tib yam roj hmab cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev txwv
Tus nqi siab dua NBR thiab EPDM. Tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus ultra- kub kub los yog muaj zog acidic ib puag ncig zoo heev.
Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws
Siab- kub (150℃-180 degree), nruab nrab- mus rau- qhov dej siab siab nrog cov kab mus rau nruab nrab H₂S/CO₂ cov ntsiab lus. Haum rau kev ua haujlwm siab heev xws li zonal fracturing, precision zonal ntau lawm, thiab dej ntsaws rau lub sijhawm ntev.
4. FKM - Kev daws teeb meem hwm rau Ultra-High Temperature and Extreme Conditions
Fluoroelastomer sawv cev rau sab saum toj -tier kev xaiv rau cov khoom ntim roj hmab, tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Nws yog tib txoj kev ntseeg siab rau ultra- qhov tob tob nrog ultra- kub thiab muaj zog corrosion.
Ntsiab Parameters
- Qhov kub thiab txias: -20℃txog 200℃(tshwj xeeb tetrapropyl fluoroelastomer txog 220 degree)
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 120 MPa
- Tshaj tawm tshaj tawm: Siab -concentration H₂S, CO₂, muaj zog acids, muaj zog hauv paus, condensate, thiab ntau yam corrosive media
Qhov zoo
Qhov siab tshaj plaws kub, siab, thiab corrosion kuj, tau tshaj txhua yam hnyav downhole media. Cov qauv molecular ruaj khov tiv taus softening, decomposition, thiab aging ntawm kub kub. Extrusion zoo heev, tsim kua muag, thiab permeation kuj nyob rau hauv siab, ua kom ntev - lub sij hawm sealing nyob rau hauv ultra- qhov tob.
Tetrapropyl fluoroelastomer, los ntawm kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis, ntxiv kev ua kom zoo dua cov sulfur thiab carbon corrosion kuj, ua cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau siab - kub, siab - sulfur gas qhov dej.
Kev txwv
Tus nqi siab heev -10 txog 100 npaug ntawm NBR zoo tib yam. Siab hardness thiab feem ntau qis qis -kub toughness. Tsis tsim nyog rau qis - siab, ib txwm-kub siv.
Cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws
Ultra-high-temperature (>180 degree), siab-siab, siab-sulfur, siab-CO₂ tob thiab ultra- qhov tob tob. Haum rau kev sib sib zog nqus-zoo tawg, roj zoo plugging, thiab siab-kub ntev- lub sij hawm cais tawm.
III. Common Material Selection yuam kev
Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias feem ntau cov roj hmab tsis ua haujlwm tsis yog los ntawm cov teeb meem zoo tab sis los ntawm kev xaiv yuam kev. Peb qhov yuam kev tsis tu ncua yuav tsum zam:
- Nqe -Kev xaiv tsav: Siv qis -NBR nqi rau nruab nrab- mus rau - kub lossis qaub tej yam kev mob ua rau muaj kev laus sai, tawg, thiab foob tsis ua hauj lwm. Kev kho cov nqi kho mob thiab kev tsim khoom poob ntau tshaj li cov khoom txuag.
- Hla -Siv cov khoom siv dav dav: Siv cov roj-resistant NBR lossis HNBR hauv dej- ua haujlwm acidizing, lossis siv dej-raws li EPDM hauv cov roj qhov dej, ua rau mob hnyav, deformation, thiab foob tsis ua haujlwm. Cov xov xwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo sib xws.
- Tsis quav ntsej qhov sib txawv siab thiab kev laus: Xaiv qhov qis- siab- cov ntsiab lus ntsuas rau siab - cov xwm txheej siab ua rau extrusion rau hauv qhov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khawm Kev ua haujlwm luv luv - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem zam cov khoom siv ib txwm ua, tab sis ntev - lub sij hawm sib khi yuav tsum muaj HNBR lossis FKM nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub thiab tsis tshua muaj deformation.
IV. Daim ntawv thov -Cov ntaub ntawv xaiv cov khoom raws li
Qhov xwm txheej | Khoom siv pom zoo | Kev xav |
|---|---|---|
Qhov kub thiab txias / siab, kev txhaj tshuaj dej tshiab, qhov tob tob tob | NBR | Tus nqi siab -kev ua tau zoo |
Nruab nrab- dej kub-raws li kev khiav dej num, acidizing, ua dej reinjection | EPDM | Dej thiab corrosion kuj |
Nruab nrab-rau- kub / siab, taug qab sulfur, roj / roj co- ntau lawm | HNBR | Tag nrho - puag ncig durability |
Ultra- kub / siab, siab sulfur, muaj zog corrosion, qhov tob tob | FKM | Kev kho mob hnyav heev |
Txawm hais tias me me, cov khoom siv roj hmab ntim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib khi ua tiav.
Tsis muaj cov khoom siv roj hmab universal -tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm kev sib piv peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, siab, thiab nruab nrab, thiab txav mus dhau tus nqi -tsav lossis ib qho -loj- haum- txhua txoj hauv kev xaiv, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem txo qis kev foob tsis ua haujlwm, tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab cov yeeb nkab daig, yog li kev txhim kho downhole kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, txo cov nqi kev tsim kho lub neej, txo cov nqi kev tsim kho. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj pab pawg Vigor kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov khoom lag luam.
