Qhib Qhov vs. Cased Qhov thiab Cov Tswv Yim Ntau Lawm

Kev ua tiav zoo yog theem tseem ceeb uas tom qab drilling, casing, thiab cementing. Nws txiav txim siab npaum li cas hydrocarbons ntws los ntawm lub reservoir mus rau saum npoo. Muaj ob hom kev ua tiav tseem ceeb: qhib qhov thiab qhov cased. Kev faib tawm ntxiv yog nyob ntawm cov tswv yim tsim khoom, suav nrog ib qho -zone, ntau-zone, thiab dual- tubing tiav. Kab lus no muab cov txheej txheem kev qhia txog cov txheej txheem no, lawv cov kev siv, qhov zoo, thiab kev txwv.

Hauv qhov qhib qhov ua tiav, cov khoom tsim tawm tau teeb tsa saum toj ntawm thaj chaw lub hom phiaj, tawm hauv lub sijhawm reservoir raug rau lub qhov dej. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv nruj carbonate los yog nyuaj sandstone reservoirs yam ntxwv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los yog nyias permeable streaks uas nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas cov cav thiab yooj yim puas thaum lub sij hawm drilling thiab cementing. Los ntawm kev zam kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj, qhib lub qhov ua tiav ua kom muaj kev sib tshuam ntawm kev sib tshuam thiab cov dej ntws tawm vim qhov chaw loj.

Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb:

Tsawg- nqi / ntau- kev txhim kho zoo

Lub qhov dej tob nrog depletion tsav

Ntuj tawg nthos reservoirs

Qee qhov kab rov tav thiab ntau lub qhov dej

Qhov zoo:

Tsawg- kev xaiv ua tiav tus nqi

Tsis txhob raug nqi perforating thiab cuam tshuam kev txwv ntau lawm

Tso cai siv cov uas tsis yog{0}} ua kom cov av nkos ua kom puas tsuaj rau lub pas dej tom qab teeb tsa qhov rooj saum toj ntawm thaj chaw

Log txhais tsis tseem ceeb vim tias tag nrho cheeb tsam tsim

Qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla hla lub reservoir

Yooj yim rau qhov tob tob

Kev hloov pauv yooj yim rau lwm hom kev ua tiav (piv txwv li, liner)

Kev txwv:

Me me kom tsis muaj kev xaiv hauv kev txo cov dej tsis xav tau lossis roj ntau lawm

Tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus ntoo khaub lig- ntws ntawm thaj chaw lossis kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev rov qab los

Tsis pom zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj lossis cov qhov dej ntau lawm hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntsug permeability uas cuam tshuam rau cheb efficiency

Yog tias dej lossis roj tawg tshwm sim, kev sib cais yog qhov nyuaj tshwj tsis yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv qab (qhov twg lub cement ntsaws yuav ua haujlwm)

Kev tsim tsis ruaj khov tuaj yeem tawg lossis ua cov xuab zeb thaum swabbed

Tseem ceeb:Qhib qhov ua tiav yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim muaj peev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv cased qhov ua tiav, ntau lawm casing yog cemented hla lub reservoir ncua sij hawm, thiab ces xaiv perforations yog ua. Qhov no yog txoj kev ua tiav ntau tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam.

Qhov zoo:

Kev tiv thaiv zoo dua thiab tswj cov roj ntau dhau lossis dej ntau lawm

Tso cai xaiv cov kev kho mob pob txha

Tseem tso cai rau tob tob

Casing tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb nkag thiab ua kom haum rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xuab zeb

Tag nrho txoj kab uas hla hla lub sijhawm ua tiav

Logging pab kev txiav txim siab

Haum rau ntau qhov kev ua tiav tiav

Lub sijhawm drilling tsawg kawg

Qhov tsis zoo:

Cov nqi perforating tuaj yeem siab

Kev txhais cov cav tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau xaiv rau kev xaiv cov ntu perforation

Kev tsim kev puas tsuaj ntau dua vim tias cov av nkos siv los laum los ntawm cov khau khiab kawg yog feem ntau tib cov av nkos siv los laum lub pas dej.

Tus nqi tag nrho siab dua

Variation: Cased Qhov nrog Liner

Kev tsim cov casing yog teem rau saum lub reservoir. Tom qab ntawd, ntu ntu ntawm lub reservoir yog drilled, ib lub liner yog khiav thiab cemented hla cheeb tsam, thiab xaiv perforations yog ua.

Qhov zoo:Txo qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev siv qhov tshiab, tsis yog - ua av nkos los tho lub pas dej; tswj kom zoo dua ntawm cov dej / roj; tso cai rau xaiv stimulation; casing tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb nkag.

Qhov tsis zoo:Yog tias qhov ntau lawm casing yog 4-1/2", cov kev xaiv ua kom tiav rau cov cheeb tsam sib sib zog nqus yog txwv; kev txhais cov cav tseem ceeb; ntxiv cov nqi rau liner, cementing, perforating, thiab rig lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, casing yog teem rau saum lub sij hawm ua tiav, thiab ib qho screen uncemented los yog pre-perforated liner los ua ke yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub reservoir. Qhov no yog lwm txoj hauv kev qhib qhov ua tiav qhov kev tsim cov xuab zeb ntau lawm yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb, yog tias cov pob zeb reservoir muaj cov xuab zeb loj heev. Lub vijtsam lossis liner tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov hlua ntau lawm.

Qhov zoo:

Tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov kab hluav taws xob perforating (txawm tias ua ntej-perforated liners tuaj yeem raug nqi)

Zam tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntxuav yog tias qhov screen / perforation qhov ntau thiab tsawg raug xaiv raug

Log txhais tsis tseem ceeb

Ua raws li cov txheej txheem tswj cov xuab zeb tshwj xeeb

Pob zeb pob zeb los yog ua ntej - ntim cov txheej txheem muaj

Txo qhov tsim kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev siv cov tshiab, tsis yog - ua av nkos los tho lub pas dej

Qhov tsis zoo:

Tib yam tsis muaj zonal tswj raws li qhib qhov ua tiav (tsis tuaj yeem tswj dej / roj ntau lawm vim tsis muaj cov cement qab yeeb nkab)

Tsuas yog conditionally zoo rau cov xuab zeb tswj

Tus nqi qis dua tag nrho cov casing rau saum npoo nrog cementing thiab perforating (txawm hais tias siab -zoo xuab zeb tswj cov ntxaij vab tshaus tuaj yeem txo kev txuag)

Lub sijhawm rig ntau dua qhov qhib qhov

Txo txoj kab uas hla hla lub reservoir (piv txwv li, 4-1/2 "casing txwv qhov loj rau max 3-7/8" rau qhov tob)

Siv los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm thaj chaw sandface thiab muab siab - permeability ntws txoj hauv kev mus rau lub qhov dej, txhim kho cov roj av los ntawm qis- pob zeb permeability (<25 md). Risk: fractures may not be contained within the zone, requiring redesign of casing cementing and completion equipment to withstand stimulation pressures.

Siv los tswj cov xuab zeb ntau lawm hauv perforated tiav. Gravel yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lub cased wellbore thiab ib tug xuab zeb screen, zoo tagnrho squeezed rau hauv perforations kom stabilize tsim xuab zeb. Yuav tsum muaj qhov loj - txoj kab uas hla perforating nqi ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txhaj tshuaj kom ua tiav qhov txaus txaus txaus vim qhov txwv permeability ntawm gravel.

Raws li hom kev tsim khoom, kev ua tiav tau muab cais ntxiv.

Ib leeg -Zone tiav Options:

Tsis muaj casing, kua dej ntws

Casing thiab tubing flow

Tubing ntws tsis muaj annular cais

Tubing ntws nrog annular rho tawm (siv lub packer cais lub annulus saum lub packer, uas muaj cov kua tiav nrog corrosion inhibitors)

Ntau-Zone Ua tiav:
Siv tsawg kawg yog ob lub packers cais cov chaw tsim khoom. Cov kua dej los ntawm txhua qhov chaw tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke, lossis cov cheeb tsam sab saud tuaj yeem raug kaw ntawm lub tes tsho zawv zawg. Lub tes tsho zawv zawg yog cov tshuab ua haujlwm li qub hloov los ntawm cov kab hlau los yog coiled tubing. Xwb, cov neeg tsav tsheb tuaj yeem tso cai rau thaj chaw qis kom deplete, teeb lub ntsaws, thiab tsim los ntawm thaj chaw sab saud.

Kev txiav txim siab ntxiv:

Dual{0}} tubing tiavtso cai rau ob txoj hlua sib cais los ntawm ob thaj chaw ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov teeb meem.

Intelligent tiav (ICs)suav nrog kev ruaj khov tiag tiag- lub sij hawm tej thaj chaw deb siab thiab kub sensors thiab remotely khiav khiav tswj li qub ntawm txhua cheeb tsam, siv qhov kev cuam tshuam yog kim los yog muaj teeb meem.

Artificial nqa(lub tshuab hluav taws xob submersible twj tso kua mis, pas nrig twj tso kua mis, roj nqa) yuav tsum tau thaum lub reservoir siab tsis txaus los nqa cov kua rau saum npoo.

Txhaj qhov dejmuaj peev xwm txhaj dej los yog roj los thawb roj los ntawm kev tsim; Kev tsim cov qhov dej tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov khoom siv tswj kev nkag mus (ICDs) los tswj cov dej ntws tawm.

Xaiv hom kev ua tiav uas tsim nyog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pas dej, lub hom phiaj tsim khoom, thiab kev xav txog nyiaj txiag. Qhib qhov ua tiav muab cov nqi txuag thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ruaj khov tab sis tsis muaj kev xaiv zonal. Cased qhov ua tiav muab qhov yooj yim rau kev xaiv perforation, stimulation, thiab xuab zeb tswj. Screen liners thiab gravel packs hais txog kev tsim cov xuab zeb. Ntau- cheeb tsam thiab kev ua tiav ntse ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov chaw khaws cia. Kev nkag siab txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no tso cai rau cov kws tsim qauv tsim cov kev ua tiav uas ua kom rov qab tau zoo, ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees zoo, thiab ua kom zoo dua qub - lub sijhawm ntau lawm.

Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj pab pawg Vigor kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov khoom lag luam.