Feem ntau qhov zoo drilling, ua tiav, thiab kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj qee yam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab zoo tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawg.
Yog tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tswj xyuas kom zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, cov tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem loj thiab qee zaum tuag taus.
Tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov kua dej los ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag kom coj tau qhov zoo nyob rau hauv kev tswj yog tias lub siab tswj mechanisms tsis ua hauj lwm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias qhov no tshwm sim offshore.
Blowout Preventers (BOPs) yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm zoo feem ntau vim tias lub siab hydrostatic ntawm cov kua dej (thawj qhov dej tswj) hauv qhov dej feem ntau tsis txaus los tiv thaiv kev ncaws pob zoo.
Hom thiab kev ntsuas ntawm BOP xav tau rau txoj haujlwm yuav nyob ntawm qhov max siab ntawm qhov dej. Feem ntau ntawm BOPs kuj yuav tiv taus H2S.
Muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm blowout inhibiters - ram thiab annular blowout inhibiters.
Annular Blowout Preventers
Annular blowout inhibiters ua haujlwm los ntawm kev sib khi ib ncig ntawm cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov dej.
Cov khoom sib khi feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm qee hom roj hmab.
Qhov no tso cai rau nws kaw ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Annular blowout inhibiters feem ntau yog ntsia saum lub ram blowout inhibiters.
Ram Blowout Preventers
Ram blowout inhibiters feem ntau muaj hlau-hom rams uas yog ib ncig ntawm cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov dej los yog txiav nws thiab tuav nws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom txog thaum nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm kom nyab xeeb tom qab lub qhov dej tswj tau.
Pipe Rams - yog tias muaj cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov dej thaum cov yeeb nkab rams tau qhib, lawv yuav kaw ib ncig ntawm cov yeeb nkab tiv thaiv cov kua dej los ntawm qhov chaw. Cov yeeb nkab rams yog tsim los rau ib qho loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Qhov muag tsis pom Rams - cov rams no kaw lub qhov dej thaum tsis muaj cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov dej.
Shear Rams - thaum shear rams tau qhib thiab muaj cov yeeb nkab hauv lub qhov dej, cov hniav tshwj xeeb txiav los ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab kaw tag nrho lub qhov dej. Qib ntawm cov yeeb nkab siv feem ntau dictates hom shear rams siv. Yog tias siv cov yeeb nkab qib siab heev, qee qhov shear rams yuav tsis tuaj yeem txiav nws.
Slip Rams - tom qab cov yeeb nkab hauv lub qhov dej raug txiav nrog cov shear rams, cov rams plam pab kom nws nyob hauv qhov chaw thiab tiv thaiv cov yeeb nkab kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv qhov dej los yog raug thawb los ntawm lub qhov dej.
Ram BOPs tuaj yeem tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov dej siab.
Qee qhov piv txwv yog ib leeg, dual, triple, lossis quad bops. Ntau hom BOP yuav muaj ntau tus lej sib txawv.
Txhua BOPs xav tau lub zog los ua haujlwm thiab yog tias muaj lub zog tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub rig, tshwj xeeb tsim cov accumulator fwj nrog cov kua dej uas muaj zog.
Vim tias BOPs ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo, lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm ua ntej txhua qhov haujlwm.
