Drilling yeeb nkab yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv cov roj drilling thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm drilling thiab drilling. Raws li lawv cov kev siv thiab cov yam ntxwv, hom roj laum yeeb nkab hom thiab lawv qhov sib txawv yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Drilling thiab workover riser (Lum Pipe): cov yeeb nkab siv los txuas cov cuab yeej drilling thiab cov khoom siv tho. Nws feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis sib nqus los tiv thaiv cov hlau nplaum los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav thiab kev tshawb nrhiav geomagnetic. Raws li kev xav tau sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua tus qauv laum yeeb nkab thiab lub zog muaj zog laum yeeb nkab.
2. Laum dab tshos: siv los txuas ob ntu ntawm cov yeeb nkab laum los ua kom tag nrho cov tho yeeb nkab hnyav, txhim khu drilling thiab ruaj khov lub qhov dej. Raws li cov duab thiab kev siv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua txoj hlua ncaj ncaj thiab turbulent xyaum hlua.
3. Thauj tog rau nkoj (Stabilizer): siv los txhim kho cov phab ntsa hauv qhov dej thaum lub sij hawm drilling thiab tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntub dej thiab txoj kab uas hla. Raws li daim ntawv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm stabilizing lub phab ntsa zoo, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua tej hom stabilizer thiab zawv zawg hom stabilizer.
4. Sib nqus siab hloov ntsuas ntsuas (MWD) hauv txoj hlua laum: Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej ntsuas hauv txoj hlua tho, qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, suav nrog lub siab, qhov kub thiab txias, kev co, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag los qhia kev ua haujlwm drilling. Cov roj laum cov kav dej no ua lub luag haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem roj drilling thiab tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab kev xav tau. Raws li qhov tob ntawm qhov dej, tsim cov khoom thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov kws ua haujlwm drilling yuav xaiv cov qauv tsim cov roj laum yeeb nkab kom tiav cov haujlwm drilling.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv drilling:
Txij li cov kab rov tav directional drilling dhau los ntawm ntau yam strata, lub laum yeeb nkab ntsib lub siab loj, kev sib txhuam thiab lwm yam, thiab yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, zoo toughness, corrosion kuj thiab hnav tsis kam. Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb yam khoom siv tho yeeb nkab thiab lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
1. High zog alloy steel
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tho yeeb nkab feem ntau siv. Nws muaj lub zog siab thiab toughness thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov nruj thiab siab. Ntxiv mus, hom hlau no muaj lub neej ntev thiab tsis yooj yim rau xeb thiab hnav. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm high-strength alloy steel yog tus nqi siab, uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev txuag nqi. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias nws tsis raug tswj kom zoo, cov teeb meem xws li embrittlement thiab deterioration tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
2. Manganese hlau
Manganese steel cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm corrosion kuj, hnav tsis kam thiab toughness. Vim nws lub zog tsis tshua muaj zog, cov qauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub sijhawm tsim kom ntseeg tau tias nws nruj thiab compression. Txawm li cas los xij, hom hlau no kuj pheej yig dua piv rau lwm hom hlau. Nco ntsoov tias manganese hlau yuav deform thaum lub sij hawm drilling.
3. Stainless hlau
Nyob rau hauv kab rov tav drilling rig av nkos, stainless hlau pom zoo corrosion kuj thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov ncaj ncees ntawm cov yeeb nkab laum. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis tshua muaj hardness ntawm stainless hlau ua rau nws tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm drilling uas yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv muaj zog vibration. Tsis tas li ntawd, stainless hlau muaj kev txwv tshuaj tiv thaiv rau corrosive slurries.
4. Titanium alloy
Titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev ua tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm oxidation kuj thiab corrosion kuj. Vim nws qhov ntom ntom ntom thiab lub teeb yuag, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tav toj drilling ntawm ntau dua qhov tob. Txawm li cas los xij, titanium alloys nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom thiab kim dua.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov roj laum yeeb nkab yog dab tsi?
Qhov ntev ntawm cov roj laum yeeb nkab feem ntau yog li 9 meters thiab txoj kab uas hla yog 5 ntiv tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj laum kav yog tag nrho cov dov seamless steel kav. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib txuas lub zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab lub cev thiab kev sib koom ua ke, ob qho kawg ntawm lub laum yeeb nkab lub cev yog roughened thiab thickened. Daim ntawv thickening yog muab faib ua internal thickening thiab sab nraud thickening raws li API qauv. Muaj peb hom: internal thickening thiab sab nraud thickening. Qhov kev hloov pauv tuab feem ntau yog 20 ~ 65mm ntev, thiab qhov ntev tshaj plaws tuaj yeem yog 120 ~ 130mm.
