Taw qhia: Lub Ntsiab ntawm Kev Ua Tau Zoo
Tom qab qhov drilling ntawm lub qhov dej mus rau nws qhov tob tag nrho (TD), lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav qhov dej pib. Cov theem no yog tus choj tseem ceeb uas hloov lub drilled borehole rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis. Nws encompasses ib tug precisely engineered series ntawm cov kauj ruam los npaj lub wellbore rau kev nyab xeeb, npaum, thiab optimized ntau lawm. Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem ua tiav ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub qhov dej ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus nqi rov qab, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam, ua rau nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm roj thiab roj.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev ua tiav zoo
Casing: Hlau los yog hlau casing yog ntsia thiab cemented nyob rau hauv qhov chaw los muab cov qauv kev ncaj ncees, cais thaj chaw geological, tiv thaiv cov dej tsiv teb tsaws, thiab tiv thaiv cov dej tsis qab ntsev. Ntau cov hlua casing (nto, nruab nrab, ntau lawm) yog siv los xyuas kom meej zoo.
Cementing: Cement yog pumped rau hauv qhov chaw annular ntawm lub casing thiab lub pob zeb tsim. Thaum teeb tsa, nws muab kev sib cais zonal, tiv thaiv cov dej hla - ntws, thiab txhawb nqa lub casing. Cement Bond Logs (CBL) yog siv los xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov cement txoj haujlwm.
Hom Kev Ua tiav Thawj Coj Kev Xaiv: Qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob txoj hauv kev:
- Caseed-Qhov Ua tiav: Thaj chaw tsim khoom yog cais nrog cov cemented casing. Qhov (perforations) yog ces tsim los ntawm lub casing thiab cement rau hauv lub reservoir pob zeb siv zoo li tus nqi raug rho tawm los ntawm perforating phom. Qhov no tso cai rau kev xaiv ntau lawm, kev sib cais zonal, thiab kev cuam tshuam yav tom ntej xws li fracturing.
- Qhib -Qhov Ua tiav: Qhov chaw tsim khoom raug tso tseg, nrog rau lub pob zeb reservoir nws tus kheej tsim cov phab ntsa zoo. Txoj kev no muaj thaj tsam loj dua thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv kev ruaj khov, sib sau ua ke, kab rov tav qhov dej, los yog cov dej ntws zoo li qub. Nws feem ntau yog tus nqi qis dua tab sis muaj kev tswj xyuas tsawg dua ntawm cov dej tsis xav tau.
Hais txog cov kev sib tw Reservoir: Tshaj tawm -perforation, engineers hais txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm reservoir:
- Tsawg Permeability: Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) yog siv los tsim siab - permeability txoj hauv kev hauv pob zeb los ntawm kev siv cov kua dej thiab cov khoom siv (xws li xuab zeb) ntawm qhov siab.
- Xuab zeb ntau lawm: Hauv cov txheej txheem tsis sib koom ua ke, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, pob zeb pob zeb, lossis cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke yog ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov xuab zeb los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv qhov dej thaum tso cov hydrocarbons ntws.
Kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv Downhole ("Khoom siv nyiaj") thiab Tubing: Cov tubing ntau lawm, uas yog cov kav dej rau cov kua dej rau saum npoo, yog khiav mus rau hauv qhov dej. Nws tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv xws li cov khoom ntim khoom (uas muab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm lub raj thiab cov kav dej), lub tes tsho zawv zawg (rau zonal tswj), thiab kev nyab xeeb li qub (kom kaw hauv lub qhov dej thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev). Niaj hnub no "ntseeg" ua tiav yuav suav nrog cov ntsuas qhov ntsuas mus tas li thiab cov chaw taws teeb tswj cov dej ntws tawm.
Txhim kho Wellhead/Christmas Tsob Ntoo: Cov kauj ruam kawg yog kev txhim kho qhov chaw sib dhos, hu ua tsob ntoo Christmas. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb no muab kev tswj hwm lub qhov dej siab thiab kev tsim khoom ntws. Nws muaj li qub, chokes, thiab gauges thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv configurations rau ob qho tib si onshore thiab offshore (qhuav los yog ntub dej).
Advanced thiab tshwj xeeb ua tiav hom
Tshaj li qhov yooj yim cased vs. qhib- qhov sib txawv, kev ua tiav yog ua tiav rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb:
- Ib leeg-Zone vs. Multi-Zone tiav: Ib qho - ib cheeb tsam ua tiav lub hom phiaj ib lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Kev ua tiav ntau- cheeb tsam siv ntau lub hnab ntim khoom thiab lub tes tsho zawv zawg kom cais tawm thiab tswj nws tus kheej los ntawm ob lossis ntau thaj chaw hauv tib lub qhov dej.
- Gravel{0}}Packed tiav: Siv feem ntau rau kev tswj cov xuab zeb, pob zeb pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab cov xuab zeb tshwj xeeb los yog pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vijtsam (hauv qhov qhib) lossis hauv qhov perforated casing (hauv ib lub qhov cased) los tsim cov lim dej permeable.
- Kev Ua tiav Liner: Zoo ib yam li casing tiav tab sis siv txoj hlua luv luv uas tsis txuas rov qab mus rau saum npoo, muab kev txuag nqi.
- Intelligent tiav (IC): Koom nrog kev saib xyuas qhov downhole mus tas li thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hloov tau yooj yim, tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom ua kom zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag - yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub cev.
Cov kev xav tseem ceeb thiab cov tsav tsheb
Tus tsim ntawm lub tswv yim ua tiav yog tsav los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam:
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Reservoir: Pob zeb muaj zog, permeability, muaj cov pob txha pob txha, thiab cov kua dej.
Zoo Lub Hom Phiaj: Ua kom tiav cov khoom tsim thawj zaug, tswj xyuas lub sijhawm ntev - rov qab los, lossis ua kom rov ua tiav yav tom ntej - ua tiav.
Economic & Kev Ua Haujlwm Factors: Tus nqi, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab kev xav tau kev pab cuam zoo yav tom ntej.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig kev ncaj ncees: Ua kom muaj kev sib cais zonal los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv cov dej hauv av.
Qhov zoo- tsim thiab ua tiav kev ua tiav yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua tiav, nyab xeeb, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws sib npaug tam sim kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau ntev - lub sijhawm tswj kav dej thiab ua haujlwm yooj yim. Raws li kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus laum nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig nyuaj, kev nce qib hauv kev ua tiav thev naus laus zis-los ntawm cov cuab yeej kho vajtse downhole rau cov ntaub ntawv-tsav cov tshuab ntse- tseem ceeb heev rau kev qhib cov khoom siv hydrocarbon kom zoo thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj pab pawg Vigor kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov khoom lag luam.
