Wellbore Trajectory Contro

• Tswj ntawm Inclination Hloov Rate (Tsim / Tso Tawm):Qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim kom zoo hauv qab- qhov sib dhos (BHA) uas tswj tus nqi uas lub kaum sab xis nce (tsim) lossis txo qis (poob).
• Tswj ntawm Azimuth Hloov Rate (Tig Tus Nqi):Qhov no yuav tsum tau tsim tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej downhole (xws li khoov vaj tse motors lossis rotary steerable systems) uas tswj tus nqi ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub qhov dej hloov sab laug lossis sab xis.
• Kev tswj qhov hnyav ntawm me ntsis (WOB) thiab Tsim Lub Zog:Kev xaiv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm WOB tswj qhov me ntsis tus nqi nkag (ROP) thiab qhov loj ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov curvature (dogleg hnyav).

Cov cuab yeej hauv qab no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov lus qhia kev ua haujlwm drilling kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj tswj saum toj no.

1. Orientation Sub (Directional Sub)

Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb:

• Direct Orientation Sub:Siv nrog cov motors zoo hloov chaw (PDMs) uas muaj lub tsev khoov.
• Bent Orientation Sub:Siv nrog ncaj - lub cev PDMs. Qhov sub no suav nrog cov qauv khoov lub kaum sab xis (λ) los muab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev tswj.
• Qauv:Ob hom no muaj lub tsev nyob, lub tes tsho centralizing, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev taw qhia (rau aligning lub toolface nrog lub cev muaj zog), thiab teem screws. Lub bent version muaj ib tug ua - nyob rau hauv khoov lub kaum sab xis.

2. Tsis yog-Magnetic Drill Collar (NMDC)

• Muaj nuj nqi:Shields magnetic daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas cov cuab yeej (xws li, MWD magnetometers) los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sib nqus ntawm cov hlua steel laum, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntsuas azimuth raug. Nws kuj muab qhov hnyav ntawm me ntsis zoo li tus qauv laum dab tshos.
• Khoom siv:Cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li Monel alloy (tooj liab-nickel-}chromium), chromium-nickel alloy, austenitic chromium-manganese alloy, beryllium tooj liab, SMFI tsis yog- hlau nplaum, thiab cov manganese hauv tsev -chromium{6}.
• Ntev Xaiv:Txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sab laj geomagnetic field zog maps. Cov cheeb tsam sib nqus hlau nplaum siab dua yuav tsum tau NMDCs ntev dua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas & siv:Kev ncaj (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 hli / m, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5 hli tag nrho), kev txwv qhov tsis xws luag, cov xov du nto, tsim kom zoo - nce torque (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus), thiab xyuas txhua xyoo rau cov txheeb ze sib nqus permeability thiab sib nqus sib nqus raws li cov qauv (xws li, SY5145-86).

3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP)

Siv rau hauv qab ntawm BHA los hloov qee cov hlua tho. Nws qhov zoo hauv kev taw qhia drilling muaj xws li:

• Txo qhov chaw sib cuag nrog phab ntsa borehole, txo kev sib txhuam thiab torque.
• Txhim kho zawv zawg muaj peev xwm (thaum siv lub cav av nkos yam tsis tau tig cov yeeb nkab).
• Nce kev nyab xeeb downhole.
• Ua hauj lwm raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dab tshos laum thiab cov qauv tho yeeb nkab, ua kom muaj zog hloov pauv.

4. Stabilizer (Centralizer)

Kev ua haujlwm hauv kev taw qhia drilling:

• Raws li ib tug Fulcrum:Nyob rau hauv lub tsev los yog tso tseg cov rooj sib txoos, hloov lub stabilizer txoj hauj lwm hloov BHA tus neeg kho tshuab tus cwj pwm, tswj cov trajectory.
• Nce Striffness:Hauv kev tuav cov rooj sib txoos, txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm me ntsis thiab stabilizer (s) tsim kom muaj zog BHA uas tiv thaiv cov kev hloov hauv inclination thiab azimuth.
• Reaming & Conditioning:Smooths borehole irregularities, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm keyseats thiab lwm yam teeb meem.
• Kev tshuaj xyuas:Kev ntsuas nkag thiab tawm ntawm sab nraud, hnav cov tshev (OD hnav tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2 hli), thiab kev tso kawm kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb.

5. Keyseat Wiper (Keyseat Breaker)

Geometrically zoo ib yam li lub kauv stabilizer tab sis nrog ib tug me me OD (loj tshaj li laum dab tshos tab sis me dua ib tug tag nrho stabilizer). Nws lub xub pwg nyom sab sauv thiab qis yog hardfaced nrog tungsten carbide rau txiav thiab reaming.

Daim ntawv thov:

• Dedicated Keyseat Tshem Tawm BHA:Ntsis + me me -OD dab tshos (50-60m) + lub rooj zaum wiper + thawv + HWDP. Rau cov rooj zaum ntev dua, qhov hloov pauv hloov tau ntxiv.
• Thaum Drilling:Khiav lub keyseat wiper ua ib feem ntawm BHA hauv kev tsim cov ntu, rov ua dua los ntawm cov doglegs paub los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov rooj zaum.
• Kev ua haujlwm:Thaum khiav hauv, qeeb qhov qis dua qhov tob ntawm lub rooj zaum (≈100m), thiab ream nrog WOB qis heev (<49 kN).

6. Float Valve

Tiv thaiv kev thim rov qab ntawm cov dej drilling (rov qab) los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau hauv qhov chaw soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej (xws li, MWD electronics) thiab tiv thaiv me ntsis nozzles los ntawm kev ntsaws los ntawm cov khib nyiab.

7. Ntog Sub (Hanger Sub)

Muab qhov chaw ruaj ntseg, ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho MWD cov cuab yeej. Nws nta lub siab - sab sau ntawv kab ntawm nws sab nrauv phab ntsa rau kev ua kom lub cev muaj zog lub cuab yeej thiab ntsuas qhov offset (OFFSET tus nqi) ntawm MWD thiab lub cev muaj zog. Hauv lub sub, tus yuam sij protruding yog siv rau MWD latching.Ceev faj:Yog tias tsis siv MWD, qhov tsaws sub yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj hlua kom tiv thaiv tus yuam sij los ntawm kev ntxuav tawm los ntawm cov dej ntws siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov tsis ua haujlwm.

8. Jar (Drilling Jar)

Ua kom muaj kev sib luag ua haujlwm rau me ntsis thiab BHA. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog xa cov kev cuam tshuam loj (saum toj lossis nqes) los pab dawb txoj hlua yog tias nws daig.

9. Flexible Sub

Siv feem ntau los tiv thaiv lub thawv los ntawm kev muab cov elasticity ntxiv rau hauv BHA, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm jarring. Nws kuj tseem pab txo qis kev ntxhov siab hauv kev sib dhos nruj.

Kev tswj xyuas qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw zoo yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev zoo: tswj kev hloov pauv, hloov azimuth, thiab qhov hnyav - ntawm - ntsis, thaum siv cov cuab yeej ua tib zoo xaiv cov cuab yeej. Los ntawm kev taw qhia subs thiab tsis yog - cov dab tshos sib nqus rau cov stabilizers, lub rooj zaum lub rooj zaum, thiab cov hub, txhua qhov khoom ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Kev nkag siab txog cov cuab yeej no thiab lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam tso cai rau cov kev taw qhia drillers tsim cov BHAs zoo, txo qis - lub sij hawm tsim tau, thiab qhia qhov zoo rau nws lub hom phiaj geological. Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj pab pawg Vigor kom paub meej ntxiv txog cov khoom lag luam.